Sehleng sena sa khale sa ho tsamaisa likepe, libaka tse thata tsa likepe, litheko tse ntseng li phahama tsa thepa, le nako e matla ea nako e seng e fetohile mantsoe a bohlokoa 'marakeng.Lintlha tse lokollotsoeng ke Shanghai Shipping Exchange li bontša hore ho tloha bofelong ba Hlakubele 2024 ho fihlela joale, sekhahla sa thepa ho tloha Shanghai Port ho ea 'marakeng oa mantlha oa boema-kepe Amerika Boroa se eketsehile ka 95.88%, mme sekhahla sa thepa ho tloha Shanghai Port ho ea boema-kepeng ba mantlha. 'maraka Europe e eketsehile ka 43.88%.
Litsebi tsa indasteri li sekaseka hore lintlha tse kang ho ntlafala ha tlhokahalo ea 'maraka Europe le United States le likhohlano tse nkang nako e telele Leoatleng le Lefubelu ke tsona mabaka a ka sehloohong a ho eketseha ha litheko tsa thepa hona joale.Ka ho fihla ha sehla sa likepe tse hloahloa tsa likepe, litheko tsa thomello ea thepa li ka 'na tsa tsoela pele ho nyoloha nakong e tlang.
Litšenyehelo tsa ho tsamaisa thepa Europe li eketsehile ka ho feta 20% ka beke
Ho tloha qalong ea Mmesa 2024, Shanghai Export Container Comprehensive Freight Index e lokollotsoeng ke Shanghai Shipping Exchange e ntse e eketseha.Lintlha tse lokollotsoeng ka la 10 Mots'eanong li bonts'itse hore lethathamo la thepa ea thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha ea Shanghai e ne e le lintlha tse 2305.79, keketseho ea 18.8% ho tloha bekeng e fetileng, keketseho ea 33.21% ho tloha ho lintlha tse 1730.98 ka la 29 Hlakubele, le keketseho ea 33.21% ho tloha ho 1730.98 lintlha La 29 Hlakubele, e neng e phahame ho feta ea November 2023 pele ho qhoma koluoa ea Leoatle le Lefubelu.Keketseho ea 132.16%.
Har'a tsona, litsela tse eang Amerika Boroa le Europe li bile le keketseho e phahameng ka ho fetisisa.Sekhahla sa thepa (litefiso tse eketsehileng tsa thepa ea leoatleng) tse romelloang kantle ho naha ho tloha Boema-kepeng ba Shanghai ho ea 'marakeng oa mantlha oa Amerika Boroa ke US$5,461/TEU (sekontiri se bolelele ba maoto a 20, se tsejoang hape e le TEU), keketseho ea 18.1% ho tloha nakong e fetileng. le keketseho ea 95.88% ho tloha mafelong a Hlakubele.Sekhahla sa thepa (litefiso tse eketsehileng tsa thomello le likepe) tse romelloang kantle ho naha ho tloha Boema-kepeng ba Shanghai ho ea 'marakeng oa mantlha oa boema-kepe ba Europe ke US$2,869/TEU, keketseho e matla ea 24.7% ho tloha bekeng e fetileng, keketseho ea 43.88% ho tloha bofelong ba Hlakubele, le keketseho. ea 305.8% ho tloha ka Pulungoana 2023.
Motho ea okametseng khoebo ea ho tsamaisa thepa ea mofani oa lits'ebeletso tsa lefats'e tsa thepa ea dijithale Yunqunar Logistics Technology Group (eo hamorao e bitsoang "Yunqunar") o boletse puisanong le baqolotsi ba litaba hore ho tloha bofelong ba Mmesa selemong sena, ho ka utloahala eka ho romelloa ho ea Latin. Amerika, Europe, Amerika Leboea, le Litefiso tsa Thepa bakeng sa litsela tsa Bochabela bo Hare, India le Pakistan li eketsehile, ’me keketseho e ’nile ea bonahala le ho feta ka May.
Lintlha tse lokollotsoeng ke Drewry, lefapha la lipatlisiso tsa likepe le boeletsi, ka la 10 Mots'eanong le tsona li bonts'itse hore Drewry World Container Index (WCI) e nyolohetse ho $ 3,159 / FEU (sekontiri se bolelele ba maoto a 40) bekeng ena (ho tloha ka la 9 Mots'eanong), eo e tsamaellana le 2022 E eketsehile ka 81% ha e bapisoa le nako e ts'oanang selemong se fetileng mme e ne e phahame ka 122% ho feta tekanyo e tloaelehileng ea US $ 1,420 / FEU pele ho seoa sa 2019.
Haufinyane tjena, lik'hamphani tse ngata tsa likepe, ho kenyeletsoa Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC), Maersk, CMA CGM, le Hapag-Lloyd, li phatlalalitse keketseho ea litheko.Nka CMA CGM e le mohlala.Qetellong ea Mmesa, CMA CGM e phatlalalitse hore ho qala ka la 15 Motšeanong, e tla lokisa maemo a macha a FAK (Freight All Type) bakeng sa tsela ea Asia-Northern Europe ho ea ho US$2,700/TEU le US$5,000/FEU.Pele, ba ne ba eketsehile ka US$500/TEU le US$1,000/FEU;ka la 10 Motšeanong, CMA CGM e phatlalalitse hore ho qala ka la 1 Phuptjane, e tla eketsa sekhahla sa FAK bakeng sa thepa e romelloang ho tloha Asia ho ea likoung tsa Nordic.Tekanyetso e ncha e holimo ho US$6,000/FEU.E boetse e eketsehile ka $ 1,000 / FEU.
Ke Wensheng, CEO oa setsi sa lefats'e sa likepe sa Maersk, o boletse puisanong ea morao tjena hore palo ea thepa litseleng tsa Europe tsa Maersk e eketsehile ka 9%, haholoholo ka lebaka la tlhokahalo e matla ea barekisi ba tsoang kantle ho naha ba Europe ea ho tlatsa thepa hape.Leha ho le joalo, bothata ba sebaka se patisaneng le bona bo hlahile, ’me likepe tse ngata li tlameha ho lefa litefiso tse phahameng tsa thepa e le ho qoba tieho ea thepa.
Ha litheko tsa thomello li ntse li phahama, litheko tsa terene ea thepa ea China-Europe le tsona lia phahama.Motho ea tsamaisang thepa ea ikarabellang bakeng sa literene tsa thepa tsa China-Europe o ile a bolella baqolotsi ba litaba hore tlhoko ea hajoale ea thepa ea literene tsa China-Europe e eketsehile haholo, 'me litheko tsa thepa litseleng tse ling li eketsehile ka US$200-300,' me ho ka etsahala hore li tla tsoela pele ho nyoloha. bokamoso."Theko ea thepa ea leoatleng e eketsehile, 'me sebaka sa polokelo le nako e loketseng ha li khone ho finyella tlhokahalo ea bareki, e leng se etsang hore thepa e' ngoe e fetisetsoe ho thepa ea terene.Leha ho le joalo, matla a lipalangoang tsa terene aa fokola, ’me tlhokahalo ea sebaka sa likepe e eketsehile haholo nakong e khutšoanyane, e leng se tla ama ka ’nete litefiso tsa thepa.”
Ho khutlisa bothata ba khaello ea setshelo
“Ho sa tsotellehe hore na ke ea likepe kapa ea terene, ho na le khaello ea lik’hontheinara.Libakeng tse ling, ho ke ke ha khoneha ho odara mabokose.Litsenyehelo tsa ho hira lik'hontheinara 'marakeng li kholo ho feta keketseho ea litefiso tsa thepa. ”Motho ea sebetsang indastering ea lijana Guangdong o bolelletse baqolotsi ba litaba.
Ka mohlala, o ile a re litšenyehelo tsa ho sebelisa 40HQ (40-foot-high container) tseleng ea Chaena-Europe e ne e le US $ 500-600 selemong se fetileng, e nyolohetseng ho US $ 1,000-1,200 ka January selemong sena.Hona joale e nyolohetse ho feta US$1,500, 'me e feta US$2,000 libakeng tse ling.
Motho ea tsamaisang thepa boema-kepeng ba Shanghai o boetse a bolella baqolotsi ba litaba hore lijarete tse ling tsa mose ho maoatle li se li tletse lijana, mme ho na le khaello e kholo ea lijana China.Theko ea mabokose a se nang letho Shanghai le Duisburg, Jeremane, e eketsehile ho tloha ho US$1,450 ka Hlakubele ho ea ho US$1,900 ea hajoale.
Motho ea ikarabellang khoebong ea likepe e boletsoeng ka holimo ea Yunqunar o boletse hore lebaka la bohlokoa la ho eketseha ha litefiso tsa khiriso ea lijana ke hore ka lebaka la likhohlano Leoatleng le Lefubelu, beng ba likepe ba bangata ba ile ba khelohela Cape of Good Hope, e entse hore phetoho ea setshelo e be bonyane libeke tse 2-3 ho feta nako e tloaelehileng, e leng se etsang hore ho be le lijana tse se nang letho.Mokelikeli oa lieha.
Litloaelo tsa 'maraka oa lefats'e oa likepe (maqalong ho isa bohareng ba Mots'eanong) tse lokollotsoeng ke Dexun Logistics ka la 9 Mots'eanong li bonts'itse hore kamora matsatsi a phomolo a Mots'eanong, boemo ba phepelo ea lijana ka kakaretso ha boa ka ba ntlafala haholo.Ho na le likhaello tse fapaneng tsa khaello ea lijana, haholo-holo lijana tse kholo le tse telele, 'me lik'hamphani tse ling tsa likepe li ntse li tsoela pele ho matlafatsa taolo ea tšebeliso ea lijana litseleng tsa Latin America.Lits'oants'o tse ncha tse entsoeng China li behiloe pele khoeli ea Phuptjane e fela.
Ka 2021, e anngoeng ke seoa sa COVID-19, 'maraka oa khoebo oa kantle ho naha o ile oa "theoha pele mme oa phahama", mme ketane ea thepa ea machabeng e ile ea ba le letoto la maemo a feteletseng a neng a sa lebelloa.Ho khutla ha lijana tse hasaneng lefatšeng ka bophara ha ho bonolo, 'me kabo ea lijana lefatšeng ka bophara ha e lekane.Palo e kholo ea lik'hontheinara tse se nang letho li salletse morao United States, Europe, Australia le libakeng tse ling, 'me naha ea heso e haelloa ke lijana tse tsoang kantle ho naha.Ka hona, lik'hamphani tsa lijana li tletse ka litaelo 'me li na le bokhoni bo feletseng ba tlhahiso.E bile ho fihlela bofelong ba 2021 moo khaello ea mabokose e ileng ea fokotseha butle-butle.
Ka ntlafatso ea phepelo ea lijana le ho hlaphoheloa ha ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso 'marakeng oa lefats'e oa likepe, ho bile le tšiello e feteletseng ea lijana tse se nang letho 'marakeng oa lehae ho tloha ka 2022 ho isa 2023, ho fihlela ho ba le khaello ea lijana hape selemong sena.
Litheko tsa thepa li ka 'na tsa tsoela pele ho nyoloha
Mabapi le mabaka a ho phahama ho hoholo ha morao tjena ha litefiso tsa thepa, motho ea ikarabellang khoebong e boletsoeng ka holimo ea ho romela thepa ea YQN o ile a hlahlobisisa baqolotsi ba litaba hore pele, United States e felile ka ho feletseng sethaleng sa ho senya 'me e kene sethaleng sa ho tsosolosa.Bophahamo ba lipalangoang ba tsela ea ho tšela Pacific bo ntlafetse butle-butle, e leng se ekelitseng ho phahama ha litheko tsa Thepa.Taba ea bobeli, molemong oa ho qoba liphetoho tse ka bang teng tsa litefiso ke United States, lik'hamphani tse eang 'marakeng oa Amerika li nkile monyetla oa' maraka oa Latin America, ho kenyeletsoa indasteri ea tlhahiso ea likoloi, indasteri ea meaho, joalo-joalo, mme li fetiselitse mela ea tsona ea tlhahiso ho Latin America. , e leng se bakileng ho phatloha ho hoholo ha tlhokahalo ea litsela tsa Latin America.Lik'hamphani tse ngata tsa likepe Litsela tse eang Mexico li ile tsa eketsoa ho khotsofatsa tlhoko e eketsehileng.Ea boraro, boemo ba Leoatle le Lefubelu bo bakile khaello ea phepelo ea lisebelisoa litseleng tsa Europe.Ho tloha libakeng tsa thomello ho ea ho lijana tse se nang letho, litefiso tsa thepa ea Europe le tsona lia phahama.Ea bone, nako ea tlhoro ea khoebo ea setso ea machaba e pejana ho feta lilemong tse fetileng.Hangata Phuptjane selemo se seng le se seng e kena nakong ea thekiso ea lehlabula mose ho maoatle, 'me litefiso tsa thepa li tla nyoloha ka ho loketseng.Litefiso tsa thepa selemong sena li eketsehile khoeli pele ho lilemo tse fetileng, e leng se bolelang hore sehla sa tlhoro sa thekiso ea selemo sena se fihlile kapele.
Zheshang Securities e lokolotse tlaleho ea lipatlisiso ka la 11 Motšeanong e nang le sehlooho se reng "U ka sheba joang keketseho ea morao-rao e sa lumellaneng le litheko tsa thepa ea thepa?"E boletse hore likhohlano tsa nako e telele Leoatleng le Lefubelu li lebisitse ho tsitsipano ea phepelo.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho kheloha ha likepe ho entse hore ho be le keketseho ea sebaka sa likepe., Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho fokotseha ha tšebetso ea likepe ho entse hore ho be le phetoho e thata ea lijana boema-kepeng, e leng ho mpefatsang tsitsipano ea phepelo ea thepa.Ntle le moo, moeli oa tlhokahalo oa ntlafala, lintlha tsa moruo oa Europe le United States li ntse li ntlafala hanyane, 'me hammoho le litebello tsa ho nyoloha ha litheko tsa thepa nakong ea sehla sa tlhoro, beng ba thepa ba ntse ba bokella esale pele.Ho feta moo, mohala oa US o kene nakong e mahlonoko ea ho saena litumellano tsa nako e telele, 'me lik'hamphani tsa likepe li na le tšusumetso ea ho eketsa litheko.
Ka nako e ts'oanang, tlaleho ea lipatlisiso e lumela hore mokhoa o phahameng oa khatello le lilekane tsa indasteri indastering ea likepe tsa likepe li thehile matla a ho nyolla litheko.Zheshang Securities e boletse hore lik'hamphani tsa li-container tsa kantle ho naha li na le khatello e phahameng ea maikutlo.Ho tloha ka la 10 Motšeanong 2024, lik'hamphani tse leshome tse holimo ka ho fetisisa tsa li-container li ne li ikarabella bakeng sa 84.2% ea matla a lipalangoang.Ho feta moo, lilekane tsa indasteri le tšebelisano-'moho li thehiloe lipakeng tsa lik'hamphani.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, maemong a tikoloho e ntseng e mpefala ea phepelo le tlhokeho, hoa thusa ho fokotsa tlholisano e mpe ea litheko ka ho emisa ho sesa le ho laola bokhoni ba lipalangoang.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, maemong a ntlafatso ea likamano tsa phepelo le tlhokahalo, ho lebeletsoe ho fihlela litefiso tse phahameng tsa thepa ka ho eketseha ha litheko tse kopaneng.
Ho tloha ka Pulungoana 2023, mabotho a hlometseng a Yemen a Houthi a 'nile a hlasela likepe khafetsa Leoatleng le Lefubelu le metsing a haufi.Linatla tse ngata tsa likepe lefatšeng ka bophara ha lia ka tsa ba le boikhethelo haese ho emisa ho tsamaea ha likepe tsa tsona tse nang le litšepe Leoatleng le Lefubelu le metsing a haufi le lona le ho fetola litsela tsa tsona ho potoloha Cape of Good Hope e Afrika.Selemong sena, boemo ba Leoatle le Lefubelu bo ntse bo eketseha, 'me methapo ea likepe e koetsoe, haholo-holo ketane ea thepa ea Asia-Europe, e amehileng haholo.
Mabapi le mokhoa oa nakong e tlang oa 'maraka oa ho tsamaisa thepa, Dexun Logistics e boletse hore ka lebaka la maemo a hajoale, litefiso tsa thepa li tla lula li le matla haufinyane, mme lik'hamphani tsa likepe li se li ntse li rera ho eketseha ha sekhahla sa thepa.
“Litefiso tsa thepa ea linkho li tla tsoela pele ho nyoloha le nakong e tlang.Ntlha ea pele, nako ea tlhōrō e tloaelehileng ea thekiso ea mose ho maoatle e ntse e tsoela pele, 'me Liolimpiki li tla tšoareloa Europe ka July selemong sena, tse ka' nang tsa phahamisa litefiso tsa thepa;ea bobeli, destocking Europe le United States ha e le hantle e felile, 'me thekiso ea malapeng United States E boetse e lula e phahamisa litebello tsa eona bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea mabenkele ea naha.Ka lebaka la tlhokahalo e ntseng e eketseha le matla a ho tsamaisa thepa, litefiso tsa thepa li lebelletsoe ho tsoela pele ho nyoloha ka nako e khuts'oane, "ho boletse mohloli oa Yunqunar o boletsoeng ka holimo.
Nako ea poso: May-17-2024
